The FCI AGM 2021 Exams are to be held on July 17 and 18, 2021. We hope you are already well-prepared and ready to take the exam head-on! In this article, we will give you a quick overview of the Management and Ethics Syllabus so you can recap and revise. Some sample questions have also been provided at the end for your practice. 

FCI AGM 2021: Management and Ethics Syllabus Overview

Management

The detailed syllabus for the Management section of the paper has been provided below. 

Ethics

The detailed syllabus for the Ethics section of the paper has been provided below

Management & Ethics can look like a daunting subject to those who do not have a background in Management studies. Students especially find Ethics more difficult since the syllabus is quite vast. All in all, we can divide the entire Ethics syllabus into the following 10 topics. 

However, we can divide the entire syllabus into 10 topics as follows:

1. Introduction
2. Business Ethics
3. Importance of Ethics
4. Theories
5. Organisation & Ethics
6. Ethics in various verticals
7. Board’s role
8. Best practices
9. Codes
10. Corporate culture in Ethical Business

The entire syllabus can be covered under these topics. Now that we’ve simplified the structure of the syllabus for you, all there is left for you to do is shake a leg and ace this examination.  

FCI AGM 2021: Management and Ethics Some Important Questions

Q. Your finances are low. Dad has taken loans which need to be repaid, failing which interest will mount. Your uncle in Mauritius offers to help you by joining a quick money scheme.  He will open an offshore account for you where the profits would be credited.  You are not told about his modus operandi, but you suspect it is not exactly legal. He only wants an investment of Rs 35000 and promises you enough from your minimal investment that he will help you sail through your crisis. Do you: 

1. Give him Rs 35000, deciding if you don’t know how he is making it, you’re in the clear? 

2. Demand to know the details before getting involved? 

3. Decide you want no part of this deal, as you trust your instinct that the offer is shady and you might even get in legal trouble?

Q. Your close friend confides in you that she committed forgery. She clarifies that she was having trouble sleeping at night and feels you are the only one she can trust with her confession. A few days later, you read in the paper that an unknown guy has been arrested for your friend’s crime. Do you: 

1. Go to the police and tell them what you know? 

2. Encourage your friend to confess and warn her if she does not do so, you will tell? 

3. Say nothing because you will not betray a friend’s confidence?

Q. Mr. Yogesh has been appointed by the Cyber Security Department of Indian Government to break into one of the government websites and check for security breaches. What among the following is a suitable description of Yogesh’s profile?

1. Hacker
2. Ethical Hacker
3. Troll
4. Black Hat Hacker
5. Cyber defence personnel

I hope this article has given you a fair sense of what the Management & Ethics syllabus entails and what you can expect in the examination. If you have any queries concerning this subject, any other subjects or anything related to the FCI AGM 2021 Exam you can find all the information at ixamBee. 

If you are appearing for the FCI AGM Exam in this recruitment cycle, we are confident that you are already at the top of your preparation. As part of your revision, you can make use of free mock tests that will give you a feel of the actual exam and exam day. Moreover, it will drive the nervous jitteriness away. 

 Also, make sure you are up-to-date on your General Awareness preparation now that the exam is knocking at your door. You can find all the information and updates you need on ixamBee BeePedia. BeePedia is also available in Hindi. 

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ixamBee wishes you all the very best! 

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What is Management?

Management is an all-pervasive function that runs in the background allowing any organization, however big or small, to function smoothly. It is a multi-disciplinary knowledge branch that is exercised at every level. The discipline of management is an Art and a Science at the same time. 

FCI AGM 2021 Syllabus 

Management & Ethics are assessed for 45 marks in the General Aptitude section of the FCI AGM (General Administration) paper and for 30 marks for other streams like Legal and Technical. The entire paper The detailed syllabus for the entire Management & Ethics syllabus is provided below. 

FCI AGM 2021 Syllabus Analysis 

Management Process

Let us now study some important persons who have defined the shape of the discipline. 

Henry Fayol- Father of Administrative Management

• He gave the 14 Principles of Management. 
• He defined management as “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command and control. 

Luther Gullick- He coined the term POSDCORB 

• P- Planning
• O- Organizing 
• S- Staffing
• D- Directing
• Co- Coordination
• R- Reporting 
• B- Budgeting 

Management Functions

Koonts & O’Donnell- Their definition of Management functions is most commonly used

• P- Planning
• O- Organizing
• S- Staffing
• D- Directing 
• C- Controlling 

The first step in the cycle is planning, after which the successive steps follow. This is a continuous process that is repeated over and over. All steps of the cycle are deeply interlinked. 

Planning– This is the primary function of management. Every other step can only be put into motion and successively achieved if it is planned for. At the very start, you have to make a plan through which you design your vision and then put your objectives into action to achieve your final goal. 

Organizing- Once you have designed a blueprint for your plan, you have to start organizing and streamlining your resources. These resources can be physical, human and/or financial. Different resources are put to different uses so that the entire objective can be achieved. A very important part of organizing is delegation or assignment of duties. This involves the delegation of authority and creation of responsibility. 

Staffing- Staffing involves roping in the right person for the job. This is also called P-J fit or Person- Job fit. You have to find the person with the requisite skills who fits the needs of the job. This is how managers build their human resources. Training and development of skill sets is an important part of this process. 

Directing- One of the most important parts of a manager’s job is to lead the team through their example. You have to supervise the work and communicate well with the members of your team. 

Controlling- At the end of the cycle, ultimately did you achieve the objectives or not? So, the manager has to ensure that through the rest of the process, the final goals have been actually achieved. Only then can the efforts, invested previously, be of any use. You have to establish a standard and measure the actual performance. By finding the deviation, you have to take corrective action. 

14 Principles of Management

As we have already spoken of before, the 14 Principles of Management were devised by Henry Fayol. You can expect simple questions like ‘Who coined the 14 Principles of Management?’The 14 principles are as follows: 

1. Division of Work
2. Authority and Responsibility
3. Discipline 
4. Unity of Command
5. Unity of Direction 
6. Interest
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization
9. Scalar Chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of Tenure
13. Initiative 
14. Espirit de Corp

Management & Ethics is a very scoring part of the General Awareness syllabus. The concepts are quite basic and easy to remember. So, if you give it due attention and time, you can score very well. Take a look at this video given below to learn about other aspects of the Management & Ethics syllabus as well. 

The FCI AGM exam is expected to be held soon. So, you should not waste any time and immediately join our online course. Here, you will find all the requisite materials for your preparation. It would be wise if you take some free mock tests as well for this exam to evaluate your preparation.. 

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Management and Ethics: Leadership Styles

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The following article provides information regarding leadership and the various leadership styles which is an important topic with respect to many major exams like RBI Grade B, SEBI Grade A, NPS Grade B, and FCI AGM.

Leadership: Definition & Meaning

You may not have dealt with this subject of leadership at large in a direct manner but indirectly you may have encountered it in many small ways. For example, there might be a person in your group who normally organizes everything for any event. That person may possess better leadership qualities who carries the responsibility of managing everything voluntarily and accomplishes the task making the best use of others’ capabilities.

Leadership may be defined as: ‘the process of directing the behaviour of others towards the accomplishment of some common objective’.

A leader will influence the behaviour of others by giving them an appropriate direction which helps them in achieving the desired goal.

Leadership Styles

The kind of leadership may vary depending on the kind of situations or the people exercising the role of a leader. While studying the topic of management, one may come across various styles pertaining to leadership. Some of the common leadership styles are as follows

Autocratic Leadership

Autocratic leadership refers to the style where a leader sends out ‘instructions’ that are not open to any suggestions and you cannot apply any of your personal ideas there. It is also called ‘authoritarian’ leadership where the authority lies only with the leader. Autocratic leadership basically can be identified through the following points –

• One way communication
• Similar to dictatorship
• Expectation of obedience from the subordinates without any questioning

Now, a common question that may arise here is whether this kind of leadership can always prove negative?  Well, the answer may be ‘no’. This kind of leadership possibly works in: 

• Stressful & quick-decision situations
• Presence of demotivated, unskilled, or inexperienced workers.

Bureaucratic Leadership

Bureaucratic leadership refers to sticking to the rule book while performing any kind of task. It is based on certain fixed official duties and chain of commands. Here, you are not supposed to break the organizational hierarchy while leading. It basically comprises of – 

• Strict adherence to organizational rules and policies
• Going ‘by the book’.
• ‘High risk’ work conditions like power plants, banks etc.
• Maintenance of the quality standards.

This type of leadership may sometimes lead to low motivation, lack of flexibility and creativity. It can also result in lack of interest in going beyond the assigned work.

Democratic Leadership

Another kind of leadership is ‘democratic’ leadership which as the name implies uses the ‘consultative style’ and where every team member has a ‘say’. It is basically open to everyone’s suggestions and opinions before coming up with the final decision. It can be summarised as a style where –

• Subordinates are involved in decision making.
• The final authority of decision making exists with the leader.
• Participation of each member is important and significant.

Although this style seems to be fairly motivating, which increases the morale of the team members, developing the sense of belongingness, responsibility, and job satisfaction, it may also lead to a slow decision-making process and loss of time.

Laissez-Faire Leadership

Laissez-Faire leadership refers to ‘free – rein’ leadership where the leader is not actively present to instruct all the time. The leader only plays the role of deciding the policy and leaves the rest to the team members. It can be summarized in the following points:

• Presence of a passive leader
• Negligent guidance to the team members.
• The process of achieving a goal left to the subordinates.
• Suits best to creative jobs like ad agencies & start-ups.
• Suitable for highly skilled and experienced workers.

At one point this style of leadership helps in grooming the new leaders by giving them the freedom to make their own decisions but on the other, it may also prove disadvantageous leading to high costs, lack of control, and low productivity.

Charismatic Leadership

Charismatic leadership, as the term suggests refers to a situation where one’s charisma or personality influences people, no matter whether you are a designated leader or not. A charismatic leader can be defined as someone having –

• Great articulation and communication skills.
• Able to empathize and touch the emotions of others.
• Able to motivate large groups.

Leaders following this style of leadership are usually visionaries and work for the greater good. The disadvantage lies in such leaders having the risk of turning into autocratic mode. It is also difficult to find successors of such individuals.

Transactional Leadership

As the word suggests, transactional leadership relies on a system of rewards and punishments to get any job done. It basically works as a transaction or on a ‘give and take’ basis. It can best be described as working on a  –Management by exception concept.

This refers to a system where the leader would only interfere with the process if she/he feels that things are not going as expected. One main point that can define this style is-

• Clearly laid out expectations and compliance.

This style of leadership can be effective in achieving short-term goals.

Transformational Leadership

The key to transformational leadership lies in the word ‘transformation’. Such leaders are focused on the big picture and strive to change the larger viewpoint of others and help them understand the greater vision. It can be best described as –

• Leading by example
• Delegate authority and responsibility
• Team inspiration through a shared vision
• Involving people to the maximum

This style may well be able to contribute to each team member’s growth by not blaming them for each fault and rather being available for them at all times.

Other Leadership Styles

Apart from all these common styles of leadership, there are few others:

• Servant leadership – less power and aimed more at serving the purpose
• Paternalistic leadership – a mix of autocratic, morals, and care, just like a parent
• Situational leadership – depends on the kind of situation
• Creative leadership – pertains to cooperation in developing new ideas

These were some of the leadership styles that play a crucial role in good management.

To prepare for RBI, SBI, FCI and many more such important exams you can go through our free mock tests by clicking on these images.

Happy learning!

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So, for a better understanding of communication and its barriers let’s begin.

What is Communication and Communication Barriers?

Sharing is what communication is all about. There is no communication if there is no sharing. We must consider the communication environment and the obstacles that prevent messages from being sent and received effectively in a team or with others, at work or in the community\.

Anything that prevents us from receiving and understanding the messages others use to communicate their knowledge, ideas, and thoughts is referred to as a communication barrier. Attitudinal Barriers, Behavioral Barriers, Cultural Barriers, Language Barriers, and Environmental Barriers are the five forms of barriers to successful communication.

People with different personalities, beliefs, and discrimination are a common cause of organizational communication breakdown. We may draw on a wider spectrum of perspectives, concepts, experiences, and understanding by valuing different people. Bias, generalizations, and stereotyping can all lead to communication barriers. Language barriers exist when people do not speak the same language or do not have the same degree of skill in a language. Empathy is crucial for overcoming cultural barriers to communication. Numerous environmental factors influence successful communication.

Types of Communication Barriers 

Physical/Environmental Barriers

As the world becomes more globalised, every large office will have employees from all over the globe. Several fundamental values of society have different meanings in different cultures. From one culture to the next, clothing, religions (or lack thereof), food, drinks, pets, and general behaviour can differ dramatically. As a result, we must consider these various cultures when communicating. This is what we mean when we say that something is culturally acceptable.

Noise, in particular for verbal communication, is another obstacle. The flow of communication is disturbed by noise. The receiver does not receive oral signals from the communicator, which dilute the message. Although noise definitely affects oral communication, written communication can also have an impact to the degree. When someone who writes a letter or a report can lose his focus and hence his flow of thinking.

Environment determines the efficiency of communication. If a receiver is in a noisy location he is unlikely to detect the message that is being sent. If an encoder cannot clearly communicate information at a musical concert, he will not deliver his best to the audience. A barrier to communication can also be geographic distance.

Technological Barriers

Different channels, instruments and gadgets such as the telephone, the microphone, projection systems, printers, photocopiers, telexes, faxes, radios, film and digital data are being used to communicate, particularly the transmission of messages. All this is very helpful when it works smoothly. At the same time, when they struggle to perform their duties effectively, they serve as obstacles.

Consequently, communication does not hit the target audience. The delay in sending messages to the receivers will result in unexpected circumstances. Technology is widely used in today’s organisations for communications. The whole communication process could be ruined by a technological failure or even a minor technical failure.

Psychological Barriers

Information flow may be prevented by the psychological condition of the communicators. If the receiver has problems, they would probably be less careful, which may lead to bad communications. The sender and recipient’s emotional state affects how the message is received, interpreted, and delivered.

Whoever is not in a good mood would probably speak less or speak negatively. A worried mind is not pleasant to communicate with. For instance, if someone is upset, he/she might talk later about things they regret. An angry person can easily misunderstand the message, even when hearing someone else talk.

Other feelings, such as anxiety, nervousness, confusion, distrust and envy influence the process of communication. For instance, a person who has extreme happiness laughs at something he/she says. The same person cries or gets upset in minor circumstances when he is sad.

Premature evaluation

Some people are always in haste. Such people would probably make fast judgments and conclude. They do not take into account all aspects of knowledge, for example social, cultural, economic, etc., and often take quick, mistaken decisions.

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers to communication are linked to the human body and mind (memory, attention, and perception) weaknesses. The personal disorder, due to ill health, poor eyesight, or hearing difficulties, can lead to physiological barriers. Effective communication means the senses both in the sender and in the receiver work properly. Limiting people’s minds and bodies leads to the physiological barrier that interrupts the message from reaching the destination. For instance, a person with short-term memory cannot transmit the message after a while when he or she forgets the message, so communication fails.

Deafness and impairment of hearing

An audio message can not be received/sent by a receiver/sender with hearing disorders or hearing loss. The person also can’t talk easily with people. If he/she has a very serious hearing impairment, he/she may only hear words and cannot get the purpose out of the message.

Vision impairment and blindness

In communication, the use of eyes is as vital as other parts of the body, as message building occurs mainly through seeing. Sight loss, impaired vision, short sight, hypermetropia, blurred vision, a visual vision of the tunnel, etc. are some forms of visual disability.

Semantic Barriers

Semantic is the study of meanings, symbols and signs used in communication. Semantic communication barriers are symbolic obstacles, which in some way distort the sent message, making it harder to understand.

The significance of words, signs, and symbols can vary and the same word may have hundreds of meanings from person to person. If a sender sends a message to a recipient, a communication mechanism that causes misunderstandings between them may also be interpreted incorrectly.

Denotative barriers

The denotative sense is the direct meaning of every word which two people must share in order to understand. The obstacles arising from the sense or significance of a term differently used by sender and recipient are denotational communication barriers. They disagree about the meaning of a word since they do not know what the other person is trying to imply.

Connotative barriers

The implicit significance of a word is called connotative meaning. Connotative communication barrier refers to the disparity in meaning in various abstract situations, contexts, behaviors, and sensations. They both know the significance of the expression, but use one meaning according to the context, which might be used differently in another context.

Cultural Barriers

Globalization has constantly allowed cultural barriers to be surmounted. The relaxing and peaceful pace of the East, the formal and official British style, the informal and factual character of the Americans, Indian ethnicity, the detailed nature of Germans as well as French severe courtesy and politeness of speech are all cultural characteristics.

Cultural communication barriers are most often encountered when communication between two cultural backgrounds takes place. In daily life, we are facing cultural barriers. The entire world performs and participates on one forum in the era of globalisation and digital media. For the successful and fruitful communication method, mutual understanding between communicators is essential here.

Organisational Barriers

• The Organizational Barriers apply to the barriers to the circulation of knowledge between employees that could lead to a company’s commercial failure
• Rules and policies of the Organization: Organizations also have the rule about the letter, medium and mode of communication to use. Likewise, the organisational policy specifies the relationships between workers and how they interact, retaining their status within the organisation.
• Status and Hierarchical Position in the organisation: Workers in all organisations, based on their organisational ranks, are divided into various groups. The people in the upper echelons of the hierarchy are superior to those in the lower echelons, so communication between them is formal. Often, this structured communication can serve as an obstacle to successful communication.
• Complex structure of the organisation: If more management levels are present in the organisation, the communications would be affected. More stages delay contact and could alter until the intended recipient is reached.

Overcoming barriers to communication

• Language, message and tone: The sender should make sure the message is structured in plain language. The message’s tone does not hurt the recipient’s feelings. To the extent possible, the content using technical terms can be avoided by communicating concisely.
• Consult others before contact: Feedback should be invited by all concerned when preparing the communication. The main advantage would be to increase the success of the communication mechanism to all the people consulted at the time of planning of the communication process.
• Communicate on the recipient’s needs: The sender should coordinate the formation of the message not at his level but the perception or environment of the recipient should be kept in mind.
• Message consistency: the message sent to the recipient does not conflict with itself. It should be in line with the organization’s goals, programmes, strategies and techniques. When new data must be sent inlay of the old one, a declaration of modification should always be sent; otherwise, doubts and queries will arise.
• Follow-up Communications: Management should also attempt to identify the faults of the communication system in order to make communication effective. In these circumstances, it is possible to make an attempt to know if the formal or informal contact is more complicated
• Ensure that correct feedback is provided: the reason for this feedback is to see if the recipient has grasped the value of the obtained information properly. The recipient’s answer can be interpreted in face-to-face contact. However, the sender should follow some right feedback mechanism in the case of written communications or other means of communication.
• Use of simple language: use of direct, straightforward words is essential. It is important to avoid using ambiguous terms and jargons.
• Noise reduction and elimination: Noise is the main barrier to contact that needs to be prioritised. The source of noise should be identified and then removed.
• Listening Active: Listen carefully and with care. “Listening” and “hearing” vary from each other Listening actively involves interpreting the meaning that is heard with good comprehension. The speaker will make sure that his/her message is interpreted by the recipient in the same terms as the speaker wishes by asking questions.
• Avoid overload of information: Managers should know how to make their job a priority. The job shouldn’t overload itself. They should spend good time with their subordinates and listen actively to their complaints and suggestions.
• Give Constructive Feedback: Avoid negative feedback. The quality of the feedback may be negative, but should be constructively conveyed. Building feedback can contribute to better contact between the higher and the lower authorities.
• Proper selection of media: Managers must pick the communication medium correctly. Simple messages, including face to face contact or meetings, should be transmitted orally.

Conclusion

Communication is important, which helps in people’s relationships work well. Therefore the significance of communication is important and should not be overlooked. Poor communication leads to poor decision-making and poor business in general. Therefore, good communicators must be mindful of obstacles and strive to eliminate them so that messages are delivered clearly and concisely. Go on and be a good communicator now!

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