Republic Day is celebrated every year with great honour and pride on the January 26 to celebrate the adoption of the Indian constitution. On this day, parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India; its unity in diversity and rich cultural heritage.

In this article, we will learn more about the Constitution by reading a brief summary of the Indian Constitution. We will understand what is a Constitution, who wrote the Indian Constitution, how many articles are there in Indian Constitution and more.

Also read: Why Do We Celebrate Republic Day on January 26?

Republic Day 2022

This year will mark the 73rd Republic Day in India. The celebrations are held in the national capital New Delhi, at the Rajpath before the President of India. From this year onward, the Republic Day Celebration will commence on January 23 to honour Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s 125th Birth Anniversary. 

Brief Summary of the Indian Constitution

What is a Constitution? 

‘A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that collectively constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity, and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed’.

To put into simpler words, a ‘constitution’ is the most significant part of a nation’s framework that ensures its smooth functioning in all aspects. It outlines the relationship and responsibilities between the Government and the people vis-a-vis each other. 

When Was the Indian Constitution Adopted?

India got its constitution on 26th November 1949 which became effective on 26th January 1950. The ‘Constitution of India’ is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.

Who Wrote the Indian Constitution?

The constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies. Dr. B. R Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee that was responsible for preparing the constitution.

The Drafting Commission constituted of a panel of 7 members. B.R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Abul Kalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, and Balwant Rai Mehta were key figures in the Constituent Assembly.

Key Features of the Indian Constitution

Let us learn some special features related to the Indian Constitution.

• The constitution of India is the world’s longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world. At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution – after the Constitution of Alabama – in the world.
• The constitution has a preamble and 448 articles, which are grouped into 25 parts. With 12 schedules and five appendices. Till January 2019, it has been amended 103 times, with 103 Amendment Acts and 124 Amendment Bills.
• India celebrates its constitution on 26th January as ‘Republic Day’.
• PM Narendra Modi had announced that 26th November will be celebrated as ‘Constitution Day of India’, with the objective of spreading awareness regarding the constitution and also its founder- Dr B R Ambedkar.

Influence of Other Constitutions 

Impact of other constitutions of the world on the framing of Indian constitution. 

The Indian constitution has been influenced and inspired from various other constitutions and thus constitutes all significant features, making it the lengthiest among all countries. The countries it has taken its inspiration from –

United Kingdom

• Parliamentary government
• The concept of single citizenship
• Rule of law
• The legislative speaker and their role
• Legislative procedure

United States

• Bill of Rights
• The federal structure of government
• Electoral College
• Independent judiciary and separation of powers
• Judicial review
• President as commander-in-chief of the armed forces
• Equal protection under the law

Ireland

• Directive principles of state policy

Australia

• Freedom of trade between states
• National legislative power to implement treaties, even on matters outside normal federal jurisdiction
• Concurrent List
• Preamble terminology

France

• Ideals of liberté, égalité, fraternité, i.e., Liberty, Equality and Fraternity

Canada

• Quasi-federal government — a federal system with a strong central government
• Distribution of powers between the central and state governments
• Residual powers, retained by the central government

Soviet Union

• Fundamental Duties under article 51-A
• Mandated planning commission to oversee economic development

Other constitutions

• The emergency provision under article 356 (from the Weimar Constitution)
• Amending the constitution (from South Africa)
• Due process (from Japan)

Preamble to the Constitution of India 

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is a brief introductory statement that sets out guiding people and principles of the document, and it indicates the source from which the ordinary document derives its authority, meaning, the people.

Indian Constitution Amendments

Till date, the Indian Constitution has been amended a 104 times. However, till now, the preamble has been amended only once. On 18 December 1976, during the Emergency in India, the Indira Gandhi government pushed through several changes in the Forty-second Amendment of the constitution.

Through this amendment, the words “socialist” and “secular” were added between the words “sovereign” and “democratic” and the words “unity of the Nation” were changed to “unity” and “integrity” of the Nation.

Articles OF Indian Constitution

How Many Articles are there in the Indian Constitution?

Articles form a crucial part of the Indian constitution, which gives further dimensions to it. There are a total of 395 articles in the Indian Constitution. These are included in the various 25 parts. The constitution has been divided into various parts which are listed below in their chronological order:-

• Preamble
• Part I – Union and its Territory
• Part II – Citizenship.
• Part III – Fundamental Rights.
• Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy.
• Part IVA – Fundamental Duties.
• Part V – The Union.
• Part VI – The States.
• Part VII – States in the B part of the First schedule(Repealed).
• Part VIII – The Union Territories
• Part IX – The Panchayats.
• Part IXA – The Municipalities.
• Part X – The scheduled and Tribal Areas
• Part XI – Relations between the Union and the States.
• Part XII – Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits
• Part XIII – Trade and Commerce within the territory of India
• Part XIV – Services Under the Union, the States.
• Part XIVA – Tribunals.
• Part XV – Elections
• Part XVI – Special Provisions Relating to certain Classes.
• Part XVII – Languages
• Part XVIII – Emergency Provisions
• Part XIX – Miscellaneous
• Part XX – Amendment of the Constitution
• Part XXI – Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
• Part XXII – Short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals

We hope you find this article useful. For more such blogs on Current Affairs and General Awareness, read ixamBee’s BeePedia capsules. 

Team ixamBee wishes you a very Happy Republic Day!! 

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Also Read

Constitution of India: Important Articles

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The post Republic Day 2022: A Brief Summary of the Indian Constitution appeared first on ixambee.

January 26 is celebrated all over India with great enthusiasm to mark the adoption of the Indian Constitution. This day is referred to as Gantantra Diwas or Republic Day in India. To celebrate this day, magnificent parades are organized by regiments of the Indian Army, Navy, Air Force, Police, and Paramilitary forces in New Delhi, India. States from all over India showcase their culture, uniqueness with beautiful tableaux.

Let us learn more about the history and significance of Republic Day in India and latest updates about Republic Day celebration 2022.

Gantantra Diwas: Significance

This day marks the day that the Constitution of India came into effect on January 26, 1950. After gaining independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, India adopted the constitution on January 26, 1950.

January 26 was chosen for this adoption because in 1930, the Declaration of the Independence of India or Purna Swaraj was proclaimed by the Indian Freedom Fighters.

Gantantra Diwas: Latest Update

• On January 21, 2022, the Amar Jawan Jyoti Flame at India Gate was merged with the Eternal Flame at the National War Memorial. The Amar Jawan Jyoti was established in 1971. The War Memorial was inaugurated in 2019.
• To honour Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose’s 125th Birth Anniversary, it has been announced that Republic Day celebrations will now commence from January 23 every year. Earlier, they commenced on January 24.

How Do We Celebrate Republic Day in India?

• Republic Day is an official holiday in India.
• Firstly, the Prime Minister of India, lays a wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti followed by a moment of silent for our fallen heroes. This is followed by the parade.
• The Republic Day Parade is the major draw of the entire Republic Day Celebration. The parade is held in New Delhi.
• The parade includes cultural, historical, and military displays from various regiments and divisions of the Indian Armed Forces.
• The Parade also includes marching bands and a display of various arts and skills.
• Other minor cultural programs with public participation are also conducted.
• The celebration events are finally concluded with a Beating Retreat Ceremony on January 29.

The Constitution of India

The Republic Day is celebrated to observe the adoption of the Indian Constitution. Therefore, let us learn more about the Constitution of India.

When Was the Indian Constitution Adopted?

The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949. However, it formally came into force the next year, on January 26, 1950.

What was the Constituent Assembly of India?

The Constituent Assembly of India was a committee elected to draft the Constitution of India.

Who Wrote the Indian Constitution?

Well, Prem Behari Narain Raizada has written the original or the first copy of the constitution by hand in a flowing italic style with beautiful calligraphy.

Prem Behari Narain Raizada’s handwritten versions of the constitution (Hindi and English) are stored and kept in special helium-filled cases in the Library of the Parliament of India.

Republic Day Celebration: Highlights

• The Republic Day parade will be held on the revamped Rajpath. The Rajpath was renovated as a part of the Central Vista project.
• This year, Republic day celebration will be different from usual due to COVID-19 protocols.
• There will be no foreign Head of State or dignitary invited as chief guest this year.
• Approximately 5000 to 8000 guests are expected at the Republic Day Celebration
• Children under the age of 15 will not be allowed to attend the ceremony.
• 12 states and Union territories will showcase their tableaux at the Republic Day Parade.
• Musicians Bickram Ghosh and Ricky Kej have composed a background score for the parade.
• This year, the Parade will begin half an hour late, i.e., at 10:30 a.m.
• 25 winners of the Veer Gatha Project will be felicitated.
• A drone show organised by Botlab Dynamics, will also be a part of the closing ceremony.

We hope this article helped you understand the history & significance of Republic Day in India. Also, we would like to extend our warmest and best wishes to you on this Republic Day.

All the best and Happy Republic Day.

Also Read

Constitution of India: Important Articles

Padma Awardees of 2021: Brief History and Winners

Indian States and Union Territories with their Capitals [Updated List]

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