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    Question

    Paragraph for question 13 to 16 Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that can occur in various forms, such as point mutations, where a single base is changed, or deletions and insertions, which result in the loss or addition of DNA segments. Substitutions involve the replacement of bases, while inversions reverse a DNA segment. Frameshift mutations, caused by insertions or deletions, disrupt the reading frame of genes. When a mutation leads to the replacement of one amino acid with another in a plant protein, it is known as ”a” . Mutations play a significant role in plant breeding, as they can introduce beneficial traits, enhance b , and improve crop resistance to diseases or environmental stresses.

    Which of the following is a specific mutagen commonly used in plant breeding to induce genetic mutations?

    A Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Glyoxylate Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Gene splicing Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Polyethylene glycol Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E Glucagon Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a chemical mutagen widely used in plant breeding to induce mutations in DNA, leading to genetic variations that can be harnessed for developing improved plant traits. The other options are not mutagens but involve different genetic modification or breeding techniques.

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