From about 1917, collaboration between East Malling and the John Innes Institute, in Merton Park in Surrey, gave rise to the Malling-Merton series, which were resistant to Eriosoma lanigerum, the woolly apple aphid. Common Malling rootstocks in the 1940s: US M2, M7, M8, M9 and M13. UK M1, M2, M9, M12, M13 and M16.