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The present participle verb 'straining' (make severe or excessive demands on) doesn't fit in the first position as the preposition 'by' makes the sentence passive So, a past participle verb should be used after the auxiliary verb 'are'. The verb 'exacerbated' (make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse) fits perfectly in the first position. So, A and B should be interchanged. The verb in the second position should be in active voice as the noun after the definite article 'the' is the object of the participle verb. So, the present participle verb fits perfectly in the second position. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. The correct sentence is: These crises are exacerbated by several factors which are straining the demand for water use for agricultural , municipal, industrial and livestock purposes.
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