Solution

Some of the most important types of direction in formal communication are: 1. Downward 2. Upward 3. Horizontal or Lateral 4. Diagonal or Cross-wise Diagonal or crosswise communication takes place when people working at the same level interact with those working at a higher or lower level of organizational hierarchy and across the boundaries of their reporting relationships. Here cross-functional relationships are built and ties are established between superiors and subordinates of different departments. A great deal of communication does not follow the organizational hierarchy but cuts across well drawn lines. Channels of such communication are general notices, informal meetings, formal conferences, lunch hour meetings etc.