Negative reinforcement involves the termination of an unpleasant situation after desired behaviour while punishment involves causing an unpleasant condition in an attempt to eliminate undesirable behaviour. For example, if a new employee is working in the required manner and delivering the results, the boss may stop overlooking his work on a daily basis; this is negative reinforcement as overlooking work daily would have been an unpleasant situation for the employee and his desired behaviour led to its termination. On the other hand, say if an employee is continuously underperforming, he may be demoted. This would be punishment where an unpleasant condition (demotion) has been introduced for undesirable behaviour (underperformance at work).
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