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ISRO successfully tested the Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System (SMPS) on July 19. The test involved five 440 N thrust Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) engines and 16 100 N thrust Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters. The SMPS is a bi-propellant based propulsion system that performs various functions during the ascent phase, including orbit injection, circularisation, on-orbit control, de-boost manoeuvring, and abort (if required). The LAM engines provide main propulsive force during ascent, while RCS thrusters ensure precise altitude correction. The test involved a System Demonstration Model (SDM) with a duration of 250 seconds. ISRO plans to conduct Gaganyaan's first abort test in August. About ISRO Founded: 15 August 1969      Headquarters: Bengaluru         Chairperson: S. Somanath