Who demonstrated the '1000 Springs Initiative'?

1000 Springs Initiative Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impacts food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities, and Sustainable Development Goal #6 recognizes the importance of access to clean water. Many tribal communities, especially, the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups live in hilly, thickly forested and hard-to-reach areas. Due to the tricky geography and complex hydro-geological limitations, the ground water development potential through conventional means (dug wells/tube wells/bore holes, etc.) is limited. However, springs - a natural source of groundwater in the hilly areas -- could address the various multi-dimensional vulnerabilities associated with the lack of water security in tribal areas. The '1000 Springs Initiative' by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and United Nations Development Programme demonstrated a localized innovative solution by harnessing the potential of perennial springs to meet the water needs of remote tribal communities.