Solution

Following the split verdict on the Centre's 2022 decision to grant conditional approval for the environmental release of genetically modified (GM) mustard crops, the Supreme Court directed the Centre to formulate a national policy on GM crops encompassing research, cultivation, trade, and commerce. This directive came from the Bench of Justices B.V. Nagarathna and Sanjay Karol, who emphasized the need for a comprehensive policy developed in consultation with various stakeholders, including experts in agriculture and biotechnology, State governments, and representatives of farmers. The national policy is intended to guide the future course of action regarding GM crops in India and ensure that all perspectives and concerns are adequately addressed. The court urged the government to conduct a national consultation within the next four months to facilitate the formulation of this policy. The case will also be referred to a three-judge Bench to be constituted by the Chief Justice of India for further consideration.