Solution

According to the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023 report from the United Nations Development Programme and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), around 415 million people moved out of poverty in India between 2005-06 and 2019-21.  The poorest states and groups, including children and people in disadvantaged caste groups, had the fastest absolute progress.    Poverty is calculated using 10 indicators under the broad heads of health, education, and standard of living each with various subcategories.   While China’s poverty headcount stood at over 50 million, it was over 80 million for Pakistan and 40 million for Bangladesh. India had a higher incidence of poverty compared to China. The data shows that 5.6 per cent of the population in India does not have access to basic assets. However, the share was 1.2 per cent in China. Among other neighbouring countries, the share was 15.9 per cent in Bangladesh, 12.2 per cent in Pakistan and 10.4 per cent in Nepal.  In India, 13.6 per cent of the population was deprived of housing in 2019-21 compared to 44.9 per cent in 2005-06. The latest available data shows that the share is higher in Pakistan at 30.6 per cent, followed by Bangladesh (22.8 per cent) and Nepal (16.4 per cent).     Just 3.4 per cent of the poor in China experience deprivation of nutrition compared to 12 per cent of the poor in India. In fact, India lags behind Nepal (9.4 per cent) and Bangladesh (8.7 per cent) on this indicator.