• Statement 1 is correct: The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 referred to as the “mini constitution” introduced changes in the Preamble, Directive Principles and the Fundamental Duties among the various other things. It added three new words to the Preamble ( i.e., Socialist, Secular and Integrity) It added Part IV A pertaining to the Fundamental Duties on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. Also made changes in the Directive Principles: Article 39 (f) to secure opportunities for the healthy development of children. Article 39 A to promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor. Article 43 A to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries. Article 48 A to improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife. ● Statement 2 is incorrect: It was the 25th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 that inserted Article 31C as per which any law that seeks to implement the Articles 39 (b) and 39 (c) to the Constitution cannot be challenged on the ground that it contravenes with the Article 14, 19 and 31 of the Constitution. However, in the Keshavanada Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court held that Judicial Review forms a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 accorded the supremacy over to all Directive Principles over the Fundamental rights under Article 14, 19 and 31. However, this provision was struck down by the Supreme Court in the Minerva Mills case (1980) that held that Indian Constitution is based on the balance between the Fundamental Rights and DPSP.
The President of India Ram Nath Kovind visited Netherlands as the two nations celebrating 75 years of diplomatic relations. President Kovind names _____...
Which Indian state is known as the 'Spice Garden of India'?
Which Indian state is the origin of Kathakali, the classical dance-drama characterized by vivid costumes and elaborate makeup?
Which Indian city is included as one of the 12 new industrial nodes under the National Industrial Corridor Development Programme (NICDP)?
Which country experienced a 12% decline in remittances to USD 27 billion in 2023 due to internal economic difficulties?
The Vice President of India serves for how many years per term?
In which state of India, the ‘Cherchera Festival’ has been celebrated on the full moon night of the 'Paush' Hindu calendar month.
Who became the winner of Canadian Grand Prix 2022 held on 19th June, Canada?
Where is the G 20 Foreign Ministers Meeting 2022 held on 7th - 8th July, 2022?
Which country did India vote in favor of for full UN membership?