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    Question

    In the context of the Indian Freedom Movement, consider

    the following events: 1. Constitutional concessions 2. Demand for Fundamental rights 3. Demand for Poorna Swaraj 4. Mass Nationalism 5. Demand for Swaraj Which of the codes given below correctly describes the order of the above programmes of the Indian National Congress in the ascending order?
    A 1-4-5-2-3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B 1-5-4-3-2 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C 1-2-5-4-3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D 2-1-4-3-5 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    ● Option B is correct: The formation of Indian National Congress gave an organizational structure to the Indian Freedom struggle. The Congress underwent significant changes over time in its demands and programmes for the attainment of Independence. These include: 1.      Constitutional concessions which was the characteristic of the earliest congress leaders that led the moderate phase of the movement. They were involved in the politics of prayers, petitions, and protests to achieve constitutional reforms. 2.      The next phase was the Demand for Swaraj in 1906 post the partition of Bengal and the coming into scene of the Extremists, who had no faith in the methods of the Moderates and demanded self-rule or swaraj. 3.      With the coming into the scene of Gandhi, nationalism reached to the grassroot level. From a narrow domain of some urban elite and middle classes, it reached the lower classes comprising the peasantry as is evident in the Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and the Quit India Movements. 4.      The Demand for Poorna Swaraj emerged immediately before the start of the Civil disobedience movement at the Lahore session in 1929. Complete independence was now the aim of the congress. 5.      The Karachi session of the Congress in 1931 was instrumental in ushering in socialist reforms by extending the idea of Fundamental rights and duties and the Economic programme. 6.      Hence, the correct order is Constitutional concessions; demand for swaraj; mass nationalism; demand for poorna swaraj; fundamental rights.

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