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India adopted an inward-looking trade strategy during the first seven Five-Year Plans (1951–1991). This strategy focused on import substitution, self-reliance, and reducing dependence on foreign goods by promoting domestic industries. Key Points: 1. It aimed to protect domestic industries through high import tariffs. 2. Focused on heavy industries, public sector development, and subsidies. 3. Resulted in slow industrial growth due to inefficiencies. 4. Liberalization policies began in 1991 to transition to outward-looking strategies. 5. Encouraged small-scale industries with government support. Bee Facts: • Inward-looking strategy (a): Focus on self-reliance and import substitution. • Partially outward-looking strategy (b): Not adopted until 1991 reforms. • Partially inward-looking strategy (c): Misleading, as India was inward-focused. • Outward-looking strategy (d): Focused on exports, adopted post-1991.
Which river rises in the Indian Himalayas?
Which is the highest peak of the world?
Two important rivers- one with its source in Jharkhand (and known by a diff erent name in Odisha), and another, with its source in Odishamerge at a pl...
A state in India has the following characteristics:
1. Its northern part is arid and semi-arid.
2. Its central part produces cotton. ...
Situated in the state of Maharashtra, the Kaas Plateau is renowned for its vibrant biodiversity. What is the larger plateau to which it belongs?
Which state is the largest producer of Uranium in India?
Consider the following rock systems that make up the Indian landmass:
1. Aryan
2. Dravidian
3. Archean
4. Dharwar
Wha...
The Narmada river flows to the west, while most other large peninsular rivers flow to the east. Why?
1. It occupies a linear rift valley.
<...The other name of ‘Swaraj Island’ is ________.
Earthquakes occur most frequently at which part of earth?