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    Question

    Consider the following statements about the Constitution of

    India:(I) India has a federal structure with incorporated unitary features.(II) The Indian Constitution explicitly provides for referendums.Which statement(s) is/are correct?
    A I only Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Both I & II Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C II only Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Neither I nor II Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    India's constitutional framework establishes what scholars describe as a "quasi-federal" structure that incorporates elements of both federal and unitary systems. While the Constitution clearly divides powers between the Union and States, creating a dual polity characteristic of federalism, it simultaneously grants significant authority to the central government—particularly during emergency situations—which reflects unitary principles. However, the Constitution does not explicitly authorize or establish provisions for referendums as a form of direct democracy, making statement II incorrect.

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