Solution

A binary heap is a tree-based data structure that is commonly used to implement priority queues . A binary heap allows efficient insertion of elements and extraction of the minimum or maximum element, depending on whether it is a min-heap or max-heap. Both operations take logarithmic time, making binary heaps optimal for scenarios where priority-based processing is needed, such as in scheduling algorithms or Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm. A (Incorrect): A stack is a last-in, first-out (LIFO) structure, which is not suitable for maintaining element priorities. B (Incorrect): A queue is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) structure that processes elements in the order they arrive, without considering priority. C (Incorrect): A linked list could be used to implement a priority queue, but its performance would be less efficient than a binary heap, as it requires linear time for insertion and extraction. E (Incorrect): A hash table provides fast lookups but does not maintain any order, making it unsuitable for a priority queue.