Solution

The geom_point() function in ggplot2 is specifically designed for scatter plots in R. It plots individual points and allows for color differentiation based on a categorical variable, enhancing the visualization by showing relationships or distributions among categories. By assigning the color argument within aes(), each category can be uniquely colored, which makes it ideal for exploratory data analysis and comparing variables across groups. For example, visualizing height versus weight with different colors for male and female categories provides clear visual insight into any category-specific trends. Option A (geom_bar()) is incorrect as it’s used for bar charts, not scatter plots. Option B (geom_line()) is incorrect as it’s intended for line graphs, not individual point plotting. Option D (geom_histogram()) is incorrect because it’s used for histograms, not for scatter plots. Option E (facet_wrap()) is incorrect as it’s for creating small multiples rather than color-coding points.