Solution

Semi-structured data refers to data that does not have a rigid, fixed schema but still contains some organizational structure. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an example of semi-structured data because it uses key-value pairs and can include nested objects or arrays, making it more flexible than structured data formats like SQL databases. While JSON allows for organization and easy parsing, it does not enforce a strict schema, unlike relational databases. This structure makes it useful for scenarios where the data may evolve or contain varying attributes across entries, as is common in web applications or API responses. Option A (Relational databases with fixed schema) is incorrect because relational databases are structured data, not semi-structured. Option B (Unstructured text files) is incorrect because unstructured data has no defined structure or organization. Option C (A CSV file with tabular data) is also incorrect because a CSV file is considered structured data since it adheres to a tabular format. Option E (Video files with a standardized format) is incorrect because video files are considered unstructured data due to the lack of inherent structure.