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In statistics, a population refers to the entire group from which data could potentially be collected, while a sample is a smaller subset of that population. Populations can be finite or infinite and include every possible data point relevant to the analysis. Samples are used because collecting data from an entire population is often impractical or costly. By taking a sample, analysts can infer characteristics of the entire population using statistical techniques. A well-chosen sample should be representative of the population, allowing for generalizations and conclusions to be drawn. Option A (A population is a subset of the sample data) is incorrect because the population encompasses all data points, while the sample is a smaller subset. Option B (Samples always contain data points, while populations may not) is incorrect because both samples and populations contain data points—populations just contain more. Option D (A sample is always larger than the population) is incorrect because samples are always smaller than the population. Option E (Samples are typically used in descriptive analysis, while populations are used in inferential analysis) is incorrect because samples are primarily used in inferential statistics to make generalizations about the population, not for descriptive analysis.
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