Solution

R is a statistical programming language highly specialized for data analysis, statistical modeling, and visualization. Known for its robust set of statistical functions, R is especially popular in academia and research for performing advanced analyses and generating detailed visualizations. R also offers extensive libraries and packages tailored for various statistical methods, making it suitable for tasks such as regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and clustering. R's focus on statistical analysis and visualization has established it as a leading tool in fields that require detailed quantitative research. The other options are incorrect because: • Option 1 (Python) is versatile but requires additional libraries (like pandas and statsmodels) for statistical analysis. • Option 2 (Java) is a general-purpose programming language not designed for statistical analysis. • Option 3 (MATLAB) is good for engineering and numerical computing but lacks R's statistical depth. • Option 5 (SQL) is for database querying, not statistical operations.