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    Question

    Which of the following is the key difference between

    probability-based and non-probability-based sampling techniques?
    A Probability-based sampling guarantees a perfectly representative sample, while non-probability sampling does not. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Non-probability-based sampling relies on random selection, whereas probability-based sampling is based on judgment. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Probability-based sampling gives each member of the population a known chance of being selected, while non-probability sampling does not. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Non-probability-based sampling is used for large datasets, while probability-based sampling is for small datasets. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E Probability-based sampling cannot be used for hypothesis testing, while non-probability sampling is always suitable. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    The core difference between probability-based and non-probability-based sampling lies in the selection process. In probability-based sampling, each member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected, which allows for the application of statistical techniques that generalize findings to the entire population. This method includes random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling. Non-probability sampling, on the other hand, involves methods where selection is based on convenience or judgment (e.g., convenience sampling, judgmental sampling), meaning some individuals may not have a chance of being selected. This can introduce bias, making it less reliable for generalizations. Why Other Options Are Incorrect: • A: Probability-based sampling does not guarantee a perfectly representative sample; it only ensures that each member has a known probability of selection. • B: Probability-based sampling relies on random selection, not non-probability sampling. Non-probability sampling may use judgment or convenience as a selection method. • D: Both sampling methods can be used for datasets of various sizes. Probability sampling is often preferred for larger, diverse datasets for better generalization. • E: Both probability and non-probability sampling can be used for hypothesis testing, but probability sampling is more reliable for ensuring validity in hypothesis tests.

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