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    Question

    Which sorting algorithm is considered the most

    efficient for large datasets with no additional memory constraints?
    A Bubble Sort Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Selection Sort Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Quick Sort Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Merge Sort Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E Insertion Sort Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    Merge sort is a highly efficient sorting algorithm for large datasets due to its divide-and-conquer approach. It divides the array into smaller subarrays, sorts them individually, and then merges them in a sorted manner. With a time complexity of O(nlog ⁡ n) in all cases (best, average, and worst), merge sort is highly predictable and handles large datasets efficiently. It is stable and works well for linked lists and external sorting, where data cannot fit into main memory. Why Other Options Are Incorrect :

    1. Bubble Sort : This has a worst-case time complexity of O(n2) and is inefficient for large datasets.
    2. Selection Sort : While more efficient than bubble sort, its time complexity is still O(n2).
    3. Quick Sort : Quick sort has an average time complexity of O(nlog ⁡ n), but in the worst case (when the pivot is poorly chosen), it can degrade to O(n2).
    4. Insertion Sort : This is suitable for small datasets or nearly sorted data but has a time complexity of O(n2) for large, unsorted datasets.

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