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A MAC (Media Access Control) ID, also known as a MAC address, is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface card (NIC) or network interface device. The primary purpose of a MAC address is to ensure proper data routing within a network by uniquely identifying devices at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Key aspects of a MAC address include: • Uniqueness: Each MAC address is intended to be globally unique to prevent conflicts and ensure that network traffic is correctly directed to the appropriate device. It is usually assigned by the hardware manufacturer. • Format: A MAC address typically consists of 48 bits, often represented as a sequence of 12 hexadecimal digits, divided into six pairs (e.g., 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E). • Role in Networking: MAC addresses are used by network switches to direct data packets to the correct device within a local area network (LAN). When a device sends a data packet, the MAC address ensures that the packet is delivered to the intended recipient. • Non-Routable: MAC addresses are used for local network communication and are not routable across different networks. For communication across networks, IP addresses are used in conjunction with MAC addresses.