Solution

Abstraction is a fundamental concept in computer science and software engineering aimed at managing complexity by hiding the implementation details and exposing only the essential features of a system. The primary goals of abstraction include: • Simplification: Abstraction helps in simplifying complex systems by providing a high-level view of the functionality. It allows developers to interact with a system or component without needing to understand its underlying implementation. For example, using a software library provides a simplified interface to complex functions, allowing developers to use it without needing to understand how the functions are implemented. • Encapsulation: By abstracting the details, a system can encapsulate the complexity and protect the internal state from unauthorized access or modification. This ensures that users interact with the system through well-defined interfaces and methods. • Reusability: Abstraction promotes reusability by allowing components or systems to be designed and used in various contexts without modification. For example, abstract classes and interfaces in object-oriented programming provide reusable templates that can be extended or implemented as needed. • Maintainability: When implementation details are hidden, changes in the internal workings of a system do not affect the external interface. This separation of concerns makes it easier to update or maintain different parts of a system without impacting the overall functionality. • Focus on What, Not How: Abstraction enables focusing on what a system does rather than how it does it. For instance, when using a database query language, you focus on what data you want to retrieve rather than how the database processes the query.