Solution

Round Robin (RR) scheduling is a preemptive CPU scheduling algorithm that ensures every process gets an equal share of CPU time by allocating a fixed time slice or quantum to each process. This prevents starvation, where a process could be indefinitely delayed in FCFS or other non-preemptive scheduling algorithms. In FCFS, long processes can block short ones, leading to starvation for the latter. In contrast, RR’s fairness ensures that no process is neglected for too long, thus preventing starvation. Option A (Minimizes average turnaround time): This is incorrect because Round Robin may lead to longer turnaround times compared to FCFS, especially when the time quantum is too large or too small. Turnaround time can be higher due to context switching overheads. Option C (Increases CPU utilization): RR doesn’t inherently increase CPU utilization more than FCFS. In fact, it might decrease CPU utilization due to frequent context switching. Option D (Ensures processes are executed in the order they arrive): RR does not always execute processes in the order they arrive; it executes them in a circular manner based on time slices, which might not match their arrival order. Option E (Minimizes average waiting time): RR often results in a higher average waiting time compared to algorithms like Shortest Job First (SJF) because of the time slice distribution, making this option incorrect.