Solution

Cache memory is a small-sized type of volatile memory that provides high-speed data access to the processor and improves the performance of the computer system. By storing frequently accessed data and instructions close to the CPU, cache memory significantly reduces the time it takes for the processor to fetch information from the main memory (RAM). This mechanism enhances overall system performance, as the CPU can operate at much higher speeds than it would if it had to access main memory for every operation. Cache memory utilizes principles of locality of reference, meaning it anticipates which data the CPU will need next based on recent usage patterns, thus preloading it into the cache. While cache is volatile and cannot store data permanently, its role as a high-speed intermediary allows for quicker data retrieval, leading to improved processing speed and efficiency in executing tasks. Option A (Store data permanently) - Cache memory is volatile and does not store data permanently; that function is reserved for secondary storage solutions. Option C (Provide backup storage) - Backup storage is typically handled by hard drives or cloud storage, not by cache memory, which is designed for speed rather than permanence. Option D (Virtual memory management) - Cache memory is distinct from virtual memory, which relies on disk space to extend usable memory rather than functioning as a high-speed buffer. Option E (Reduce physical memory size) - While cache can improve performance, it does not reduce the size of physical memory needed; rather, it optimizes the access speed of existing memory.