Statement:
Some mad are sad.
Only a few sad are bad.
All bad are lad.
No lad is dad.
All dad are gad.
Conclusions:
All sad may be lad.
All lad can be gad.
Some mad can be lad.
Some dad being bad is a possibility.
Some sad are bad (I) + All bad are lad (A) → Some sad are lad (I) → Probable conclusion → All sad may be lad (A). Hence conclusion I follows. No lad is dad (E) + All dad are gad (A) → Some gad are not lad (O) → Probable conclusion → All lad may be gad (A). Hence conclusion II follows. Some sad are bad (I) + All bad are lad (A) → Some sad are lad (I) + Some lad are bad (I) → Probable conclusion → Some mad can be lad (I). Hence conclusion III follows. All bad are lad (A) + No lad is dad (E) → No bad is dad (E). Hence conclusion IV does not follow. Alternate Method -
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